|
|
Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt
Špátová, Ingrid ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
7 Summary Kultická hudba a zpěv ve starém Egyptě Cultish music and chant in Ancient Egypt Ingrid Špátová, DiS. Music, although this term didn't exist in Ancient Egypt, has played a very importatnt role in the common and cultish Egyptian life. How Egyptian music sounded, can be just guessed, but some characteristics have been preserved on Coptic church. Egyptians probably used the pentatonic scale. Their musical tuning and performance had to observe strict rules to keep order of maat. One of the most important sphere of Egyptian cult have been funerary rituals, including processions with music and lamentations. A fundamental significance in funerary and temple cult have had women musicians, especially priestesses and chantresses of Hathor shemayet. They served to numerous deities, male and female, and they belonged to high- ranking families or to families of the high priests. There were several deities directly connected with music. Gods with the closest connections to musicians and deities with musical attributes were for example Hathor (lately unified with Isis), Usir, Bes, Meret, Hathor's son Ihy, Thovt, Bastet or Ptah. Temple musicians made offering and performances to deities about three or four times a day. Ancient musical instruments can be sorted to four groups: idiophones (musical instruments making...
|
|
|
Child in Ancient Egypt
Scholzová, Alena ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
This thesis is focused on the child's status in ancient Egyptian society, mainly deals with the context of the family. It examines the child education and development. The aim was to provide a different view of the child's status in ancient Egyptian society. For this reason, the knowledge of psychology and social work, which examine interpersonal relationships on a different level than the historical sciences was employed. The conclusion is that the status of children in ancient Egypt has been good, because the Egyptian company reported strong social conscience, which both protect the child in the family, and beyond.
|
|
|
Thoth in the Pyramid Texts
Čermák, Michal ; Pehal, Martin (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the role of the god Thoth in the Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, a corpus of funerary literature found most prominently in the underground chambers of the pyramids of the kings and queens of the 5th and 6th dynasty. Following the division made by H. M. Hays, the topic is treated in two parts: the first is concerned with Thoth in the personal texts, where he is presented as a lunar deity and a transition figure, the second with the sacerdotal texts, studying his position in the myth of Osiris and Horus. The function of the god in both is shown to stem from his role as a mediator betwen the various elements of the divine world, mainly through a number of particular findings with regard to the individual motifs in which Thoth is found in the Pyramid Texts. The work concludes with a summary of these findings and an outline of Thoth's nature in the corpus.
|
|
|
From worm-eaten papyri: Coffin Texts from the tomb of priest Iufaa at Abusir
Míčková, Diana ; Landgráfová, Renata (advisor) ; Coppens, Filip (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is translation, detailed analysis and interpretation of the Coffin Texts of the Late-period tomb of Iufaa at Abusir. The corpus of these texts is unique, because except for a few text sequences, which were common in the Late Period, there are texts that are not preserved elsewhere in the Late Period and sometimes only exist in highly fragmentary Middle Kingdom versions. The Coffin Texts found on Iufaa's outer sarcophagus and on the walls of his burial chamber consist only of such uncommon texts. Some of these are also placed on the inner sarcophagus, whereall theremaining Coffin Texts spells are also located. The thesis presents a translation and analysis of the individual texts, focusing on their development, tradition and changes between the Middle Kingdom and the Late Period, including commentaries on grammar and language use as well as on the content. Iufaa's versions of these texts significantly contribute to our understanding and interpretation of some Coffin Texts spells and present a wider view on Egyptian religious texts and their interpretation, as well as on the textual transmission and work of Egyptian priests and scribes themselves.
|
|
|
A Stranger of the House - the Crossroads III
Mlynářová, J. ; Kilani, M. ; Alivernini, Sergio
The Crossroads III – A Stranger in the House. Foreigners in Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern Societies of the Bronze Age conference has been held at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University (Prague) between September 10 and 13, 2018. The main objective of the conference was to enhance our understanding of “foreignness” in ancient societies between the end of the Chalcolithic period and the end of the Late Bronze Age. This book collects some of the twenty most significant contributions presented at the conference. Some authors decided to approach the discussion from a theoretical perspective, or to present and discuss theoretical frameworks that could be used to explore at least some elements underlying the concept of “foreignness”. Others investigated sociocultural dimension involved in the presence of foreigners, or in their interactions with local communities. Cases from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the Levant, covering the whole of the Bronze Age have been discussed. The wide range of perspectives, and their combination within the frame of the conference often stimulated that multidisciplinary dialogue that was the primary aim of this third edition of Crossroads
|
|
|
Temple Architecture of the Amarna Period in Egypt
Petrášová, Elena ; Krejčí, Jaromír (advisor) ; Vachala, Břetislav (referee)
This work deals with the temple architecture in the period of the reign of king Amenhotep IV./Akhenaten in the New Kingdom era, which is also called the Amarna period. In the beginning, this work presents a development of the ancient Egyptian sun cult into the time of the Akhenaten's reign, as it is precisely related to the architectural changes in this period. In following chapters this work describes temples in Karnak, dated to the beginning of Akhenaten's reign and also later religious architecture built in his new capital. Finally, it points to the significance and symbolism of the ancient Egyptian temple architecture and the particularities that distinguished Akhenaten's structures. It also characterizes the changes of the New Kingdom sacral architecture after the end of the Amarna period. Keywords ancient Egypt, religious architecture, Amarna, Karnak, Amarna Period, temples, sun cult, religion
|
|
|
The Pyramid Complex of Djedkare-Isesi at South Saqqara and Its Decorative Program
Megahed, Mohamed Abdel Moneim ; Bárta, Miroslav (advisor) ; Verner, Miroslav (referee) ; Jánosi, Peter (referee)
1 The Pyramid Complex of Djedkare-Isesi at South Saqqara and its Decorative Program Mohamed Megahed Abstract The present thesis aims to publish pyramid complex of King Djedkare and its decorative program for the first time. The rule of King Djedkare was very significant and many important changes happened in the Egyptian state during his time. He is known to have reorganized the royal mortuary cults of his predecessors in Abusir; the remains of the papyrus archives discovered in three mortuary temples in Abusir are to a great extent related to this reorganization, as most of the preserved papyrus fragments come from the time of this king. Besides the other available evidence from his reign, numerous finds were discovered in the king's pyramid complex, which have, however, not been published until now. These include fragments of relief decoration and the present study thus can help us better understand and interpret the development of royal relief at the end of the Fifth Dynasty. The thesis is divided into five chapters, the first chapter provides a guideline to the thesis and its catalogue, and presents an up to date state of research on the decoration of the royal mortuary complexes of the Old Kingdom. Another section in this chapter is devoted to the methods that the author followed during his...
|
|
|
From worm-eaten papyri: Coffin Texts from the tomb of priest Iufaa at Abusir
Míčková, Diana ; Landgráfová, Renata (advisor) ; Coppens, Filip (referee)
The aim of the present thesis is translation, detailed analysis and interpretation of the Coffin Texts of the Late-period tomb of Iufaa at Abusir. The corpus of these texts is unique, because except for a few text sequences, which were common in the Late Period, there are texts that are not preserved elsewhere in the Late Period and sometimes only exist in highly fragmentary Middle Kingdom versions. The Coffin Texts found on Iufaa's outer sarcophagus and on the walls of his burial chamber consist only of such uncommon texts. Some of these are also placed on the inner sarcophagus, whereall theremaining Coffin Texts spells are also located. The thesis presents a translation and analysis of the individual texts, focusing on their development, tradition and changes between the Middle Kingdom and the Late Period, including commentaries on grammar and language use as well as on the content. Iufaa's versions of these texts significantly contribute to our understanding and interpretation of some Coffin Texts spells and present a wider view on Egyptian religious texts and their interpretation, as well as on the textual transmission and work of Egyptian priests and scribes themselves.
|
|
|
Sexually liminal periods in the lives of women in Ancient Egypt
Svobodová, Markéta ; Vymazalová, Hana (advisor) ; Pehal, Martin (referee)
The thesis seeks to explain the sexual passages of women related to fertility, such as menstruation, pregnancy and birth, in the ancient Egyptian world. The passages related to fertility have strong connotations with death in the Egyptian mythological context. The aim of the thesis is to understand this relationship, often metaphorically conveyed in iconography or in the netherworld literature. The thesis collects material from various sources, archeological, textual, iconographical, not only Egyptian, but also Greek and Roman. The methods used vary from cognitive linguistics and semiotic analysis to religious anthropology. Menstruation, pregnancy and birth in ancient Egypt are explained not only on the level of the understanding of the body of the Egyptians, but also in terms of what role they play in iconography and mythology. Furthermore, the relationship between birth and death is made with regards to fertility. The basic findings of this thesis consist of illustrating a dichotomy between the feminine nurturing principle of and masculine creative principle which appear in different contexts related to birth and death: in iconography, on the level of bodily fluids, or in mythological creation.
|
|
|
Thoth in the Pyramid Texts
Čermák, Michal ; Pehal, Martin (advisor) ; Janák, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the role of the god Thoth in the Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, a corpus of funerary literature found most prominently in the underground chambers of the pyramids of the kings and queens of the 5th and 6th dynasty. Following the division made by H. M. Hays, the topic is treated in two parts: the first is concerned with Thoth in the personal texts, where he is presented as a lunar deity and a transition figure, the second with the sacerdotal texts, studying his position in the myth of Osiris and Horus. The function of the god in both is shown to stem from his role as a mediator betwen the various elements of the divine world, mainly through a number of particular findings with regard to the individual motifs in which Thoth is found in the Pyramid Texts. The work concludes with a summary of these findings and an outline of Thoth's nature in the corpus.
|
guest ::
